Aug 21
context, instantiation, stratification No Comments
My critique of the recent Sys-Func/Sysfling discussion on context, stratification and instantiation can be found by clicking here.
Aug 16
Halliday (2007 [1991]: 271):
Originally, the context meant the accompanying text, the wording that came before and after whatever was under attention. In the nineteenth century it was extended to things other than language, both concrete and abstract: the context of the building, the moral context of the day; but if you were talking about language, then it still referred to the surrounding words, and it was only in modern linguistics that it came to refer to the non-verbal environment in which language was used. When that had happened, it was Catford, I think, who suggested that we now needed another term to refer explicitly to the verbal environment; and he proposed the term “co-text”.
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Are register and genre, modelled as strata, theorised on the notion of context or co-text?
Aug 16
realisation stratification No Comments
TWO REASONS WHY HALLIDAY’S AND MARTIN’S MODELS OF STRATIFICATION CANNOT BE INTEGRATED
1) They do not mean the same thing by ‘register’.
For Halliday, ‘register’ means a functional variety of language (following the Prague School and Firth).
Martin, on the other hand, equates ‘register’ with Halliday’s ‘context’, which removes the notion of register as a functional variety of language from the model. This is because a higher stratum is not a functional variety of a lower stratum; eg lexicogrammar is not a functional variety of phonology.
2) They do not mean the same thing by ‘context’.
For Halliday, ‘context’ is what people do with language (H&M 1999: ix), the ‘semiotic environment’ of language (and other socio-semiotic systems such as image systems (p375), the “culture”, considered as a semiotic potential (p606). Halliday’s ‘context’ is a level of abstraction that is realised by language.
For Martin (1992: 496), ‘context’ (register and genre) are levels associated with ever larger ‘units’: just as the level of discourse-semantics tends to focus on an exchange or “paragraph”, the level of register tends to focus on a stage in a transaction, and the level of genre tends to focus on whole texts. To this extent, Martin’s ‘context’ refers to levels of abstraction of texts.
Aug 15
instantiation, realisation No Comments
For simplicity, I’ll just use:
the strata genre and register
and the instantiation points: system, genre/register, and text type.
So, this region of the instantiation cline for each stratum is:
(1) genre: system — genre/register — text type
(2) register: system — genre/register — text type
You’ll observe that:
a genre/register of the genre stratum
is realised by
a genre/register of the register stratum
Or, if you prefer:
the genre stratum of a genre/register
is realised by
the register stratum of a genre/register
Aug 02
general observations, mode and modalities No Comments
A team led by artificial intelligence specialist Joan Serra at the Spanish National Research Council ran music from the last 50 years through complex algorithms and found that pop songs have become intrinsically louder and more bland in terms of the chords, melodies and types of sound used.
“We found evidence of a progressive homogenisation of the musical discourse,” says Serra. “In particular, we obtained numerical indicators that the diversity of transitions between note combinations – roughly speaking chords plus melodies – has consistently diminished in the last 50 years.”
They also found the so-called timbre palette has become poorer. The same note played at the same volume on, say, a piano and a guitar is said to have a different timbre, so the researchers found modern pop has a more limited variety of sounds.
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2012/07/27/3554804.htm
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